Análise sobre a biologia da conservação do biopoder ao eco nacionalismo em Aotearoa Nova Zelândia

Autores

  • Agustina Domínguez

Palavras-chave:

Conservação, Biopoder, Nativo, Invasor

Resumo

O presente trabalho consiste em uma análise sobre a Biologia da Conservação baseada na ideia de que existem vidas sacrificadas e vidas reconhecidas como valiosas. A abordagem estrutural de biopoder de Michel Foucault nos permite observar que a ciencia não protege a vida, porém atua sob lógicas que a hierarquizam, outorgando cuidados a determinadas populações ou espécies enquanto promove a morte de outras através do emprego do racismo. Examinar os discursos e práticas conservacionistas sob essa lente deixa entrever como se constroem políticas de extermínio ligadas à estruturas, subjetividades e valores específicos como o do nativo e do invasor. A análise de Aotearoa Nova Zelândia resulta em um caso interessante ao interseccionar conservação, colonialismo e eco nacionalismo. Finalmente, sugere-se a possibilidade de repensar as relações entre os seres existentes ao considerá-las produtos de complexas interações através do tempo.

Biografia do Autor

  • Agustina Domínguez

    Licenciada en Biología orientación Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (Argentina).

Referências

Acheson. (25 de agosto de 2021). Debate Over Protect Pūtiki Exposes Systematic Injustices Against Māori In New Zealand. Recuperado de:

https://theowp.org/reports/debateover-protect-putiki-exposes-systematic-injustices-against-maori-in-new-zealand/

Bamford, S. (2002). “On being ‘natural’ on the rainforest marketplace”. Social Analysis, 46 (1), 35-50. doi: https://doi.org/10.3167/sa.2002.460106

Biermann, C. y Anderson, R. M. (2017). “Conservation, biopolitics, and the governance of life and death”. Geography Compass, 11 (e12329). doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12329

Biermann, C. y Mansfield, B. (2014). “Biodiversity, purity, and death: conservation biology as biopolitics”. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 32, 257-273. doi: https://doi.org/10.1068/d13047p

Boltovskoy, D., Sylvester, F., y Paolucci, E. (2018). “Invasive species denialism: Sorting out facts, beliefs, and definitions”. Ecology and Evolution, 8, 11190–11198. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4588

Butler, J. (2010). Marcos de guerra. Las vidas lloradas. Barcelona, España: Paidós.

Carrera, L., Anzoátegui, M., y Domínguez, A. (3 de agosto de 2021). “Inserte “Animal” donde dice “Mujer” y viceversa: analogías entre la dominación sobre las mujeres y la dominación sobre los animales en el sistema capitalista heteropatriarcal. Recuperado de: http://paroledequeer.blogspot.com/2021/08/inserte-animal-donde-dice-mujer.html

Carsolio, V. (2020). “Claves para comprender la dimensión especista en la coproducción de la vida”. Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Críticos Animales, Año VII, I, 380-398. Recuperado de: https://revistaleca.org/journal/index.php/RLECA/article/view/194

Chew, M. K. (2011). Aneiketaxonomy: Botany, Place and Belonging. En I.D. Rotherham & R.A. Lambert (Eds), Invasive & Introduced Animals & Plants. Human perceptions, Attitudes and Approaches to Management (137-152). London, UK: Earthscan.

Davis, M. A., Chew, M. K., Hobbs, R. J, Lugo, A.E, Ewel, J. J., Vermeij, G. J., Brown, J. H., Rosenzweig, M. L … Brigs, J. C. (2011). “Don’t judge species on their origin”. Nature, 474, 153-154. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/474153a

Department of Conservation Te Papa Atawhai. (s.f.-a). New Zealand pigeon / kererū / kūkū/ kūkupa. Recuperado de: https://www.doc.govt.nz/nature/native-animals/birds/birds-a-z/nz-pigeon-kereru/

Department of Conservation Te Papa Atawhai. (s.f.-b). Predator Free 2050. Recuperado de: https://www.doc.govt.nz/nature/pests-and-threats/predator-free-2050/

Department of Conservation Te Papa Atawhai. (s.f-c). Little penguin/kororā. Recuperado de: https://www.doc.govt.nz/nature/native-animals/birds/birds-a-z/penguins/littlepenguin-korora/

Department of Conservation Te Papa Atawhai. (2021). Predator Free 2050. Recuperado de: https://www.doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/conservation/threats-andimpacts/pf2050/pf2050-5-year-progress-report.pdf

Department of Conservation & Ministry for the Environment. (2000). The New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy. Recuperado de: https://www.doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/conservation/new-zealand-biodiversity-strategy-2000.pdf

Department of Conservation & Ministry for the Environment. (2020). Improving whitebait management | Te whakapai ake i te whakahaere īnanga. Recuperado de: https://www.doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/getting-involved/consultations/2019/whitebait-consultation/whitebait-discussion-document-2020.pdf

Dutkiewicz, J. (2015). “Important Cows and Possum Pests. New Zealand’s Biodiversity Strategy and (Bio)Political Taxonomies of Introduced Species”. Society & Animals 23, 379-399. doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341371

Folguera, G., y Marcos, A. (2013). “El concepto de especie y los cambios teóricos de la biología”. Ludus Vitalisol. XXI, 39, 1-25. Recuperado de: http://www.ludusvitalis.org/ojs/index.php/ludus/article/view/66/66

Foucault, M. (1998). Historia de la Sexualidad I, La voluntad de saber. Madrid, España: Siglo XXI Editores.

Foucault, M. (2000). Defender la sociedad. Curso en el Collège de France (1975-1976). Buenos Aires, Argentina: Fondo de Cultura Económica.

Franks, J. (19 de septiembre de 2021). Waiheke marina: Trespass notices given by police at Kennedy Point weren’t legal. Recuperado de: https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/126400845/waiheke-marina-trespass-notices-given-by-police-at-kennedypoint-werent-legal?fbclid=IwAR1lCtJf8NGYLAu0gcKblkXGOQWWoVYE31eHkJzow_hTvaHEi5AiogEZj0c

Fundación Ambiente y Recursos Naturales. (25 de junio de 2020). Caso Represas en el Río Santa Cruz.. Recuperado de: https://farn.org.ar/proyecto/caso-represas-en-elrio-santa-cruz/

Ginn, F. (2008). “Extension, subversion, containment: eco-nationalism and (post)colonial nature in Aotearoa New Zealand”. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series, 33 (3), 335-353. Recuperado de: http://www.jstor.org/stable/30131222

González, A. (2019). “Lecturas animales de las vidas precarias. El «discurso de la especie» y las normas de lo humano”. Tabula Rasa, 31, 139-159. doi: https://doi.org/10.25058/20112742.n31.06

Heidy Kikillus, K., Chambers, G., Farnworth, M., y Hare, K. (2017). “Research challenges and conservation implications for urban cat management in New Zealand.” Pacific Conservation Biology, 23, 15-25. Recuperado de:

https://www.publish.csiro.au/pc/pdf/PC16022

Hauraki Gulf Forum. (2020). State of our Gulf 2020. Recuperado de: https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/about-auckland-council/how-auckland-council-works/harbour-forums/docsstateofgulf/state-gulf-full-report.pdf

Irwin, R. (2021). Rewilding policy futures: Maori whakapapa and the ecology of the subject. Policy Futures in Education, 19 (3), 307-323. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1478210320980580

Jonathan, B. y Forsman, E. (1992). “Dependence of northern spotted owls Strix occidentalis caurina on old-growth forests in the western USA”. Biological Conservation, 62(2), 95-100. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(92)90930-L

Joyce, C. (1992). Western Medicine Men Return to the Field. BioScience, 42 (6), 399-403. https://doi.org/10.2307/1311858

Lampert, A., Hastings, A., Grosholz, E., Jardine, S., y Sanchirico, J. (2014). “Optimal approaches for balancing invasive species eradication and endangered species management”. Science, 344 (6187), 1028-1031. doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1250763

Lindenmayer, D. y Hunter, M. (2010). “Some Guiding Concepts for Conservation Biology”. Conservation Biology, 24 (6), 1459-1468. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01544.x

López Barrios, J. I. (2019). “Gubernamentalidad de la conservación: biopoder y tortugas marinas en México”. Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Críticos Animales, Año VI, II, 81-119. Recuperado de: http://revistaleca.org/journal/index.php/RLECA/article/view/239/180.

Major, Emily. (16 de septiembre de 2021). ‘Possum Purge’: To Cleanse and Purify. Recuperado de: https://framingspeciesism.com/2021/09/16/possum-purge-to-cleanse-and-purify/

Mallet, J. (2005). “Hybridization as an invasion of the genome”. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 20 (5), 229-237. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2005.02.010

McAllister, T., Beggs, J., Ogilvie, S., Kirikiri, R., Black, A., y Wehi, P. (2020). “Kua takoto te mānuka: mātauranga Māori in New Zealand ecology˝. New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 43 (3), 1-7. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.20417/nzjecol.43.41

Montague, T. L. (Ed.). (2000). The brushtail possum: Biology, impact and management of an introduced marsupial. Lincoln, New Zealand: Manaaki Whenua Press.

New Zealand Companion Animal Council Inc. (2016). Companion Animals in New Zealand 2016. Recuperado de: https://www.nzvna.org.nz/site/nzvna/files/Documents/Companion%20Animals_in_New_Zealand_2016_Report_web.pdf

Partlow, J. (19 de Julio de 2021). “Biden proposes restoring 3.4 million acres of northern spotted owl habitat, reversing Trump rule”. The Washington Post. Recuperado de: https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2021/07/19/biden-northern-spotted-owl-trump/

Potts, A. (2009). “Kiwis Against Possums: A Critical Analysis of Anti-Possum Rhetoric in Aotearoa New Zealand”. Society and Animals, 17, 1-20. doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/156853009X393738

Pyšek, P., Blackburn, T. M., García-Berthou, E., Perglová, I., y Rabitsch, W. (2017). “Displacement and local extinction of native and endemic species”. En M. Vilà & P. Hulme (Eds), Impact of Biological Invasions on Ecosystem Services (157-176).

Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer.

Quijano, A. (2000). Cuestiones y horizontes: de la dependencia histórico-estructural a la colonialidad/descolonialidad del poder. Buenos Aires, Argentina: CLACSO.

Research and Publishing Group of the New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage, Manatū Taonga. (9 de Junio de 2020). Chinese gooseberry becomes kiwifruit. Recuperado de: https://nzhistory.govt.nz/the-chinese-gooseberry-becomes-thekiwifruit

Ricardo, H., Wilson, D., y Wehi, P. (2020). “Kiore (Rattus exulans) distribution and relative abundance on a small highly modified island”. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 47(4), 350-359. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2020.1785515

Roesler, I., Fasola, L., & Buchanan, P. (2018). “Sympathy for the grebes: Hooded Grebe conservation programme update (2011–2017)”. Neotropical Birding, 23, 14-23. Recuperado de: http://www.avesargentinas.org.ar/sites/default/files/NB23-GTB1-Roesler.pdf

Roesler, K., Fasola, L., Cácares, R., & Martín, L. (2019). Proyecto Macá Tobiano: Informe final 2018 - 2019. Recuperado de: https://www.avesargentinas.org.ar/sites/default/files/informe_PMT_2019_0.pdf#overlay-context=noticia/proyecto-mac%25C3%25A1-tobiano-informe-final-2018-2019

Rouco, C., de Torre-Ceijas, R., Martín-Collado, D., y Byrom, A. (2017). “New Zealand Shouldn’t Ignore Feral Cats”. BioScience, 67 (8), 686. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix068

Sandom, C., Faurby, S., Sandel, B., y Svenning, J.-C. (2014). “Global late Quaternary megafauna extinctions linked to humans, not climate change”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 281: 20133254. doi: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.3254

Simberloff, D. (2019). “New Zealand as a leader in conservation practice and invasion management”. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 49 (3), 259-280. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/03036758.2019.1652193

Soulé, M. (1985). “What is conservation biology? A new synthetic discipline addresses the dynamics and problems of perturbed species, communities, and ecosystems”. BioScience, 35 (11), 727-734. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/1310054

Suárez-Jiménez, R., Hepburn, C., Hyndes, G., McLeod, R., y Taylor, R. &. (2017). “The invasive kelp Undaria pinnatifida hosts an epifaunal assemblage similar to native seaweeds with comparable morphologies”. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 582, 45-55. doi: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12321

Télam Digital. (30 de marzo de 2021). “Santa Cruz: proyectan que en 2023 se pondría en marcha la primera turbina de las represas”. Télam Digital. Recuperado de: https://www.telam.com.ar/notas/202103/549165-energia-represas-santa-cruz.html

Trouwborst, A., McCormack, P., y Camacho, E. (2020). “Domestic cats and their impacts on biodiversity: A blind spot in the application of nature conservation law”. People and Nature, 2, 235–250. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10073

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. (2011). Revised Recovery Plan for the Northen Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina). Recuperado de:

https://www.fws.gov/wafwo/pdf/NSO%20Revised%20Recovery%20Plan%202011.pdf

Wildlife Act 1953. (s.f.). Recuperado de: https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1953/0031/latest/whole.html

Wright, S., Nugent, G., y Parata, H. (1995). “Customary Management of Indigenous Species: A Maori Perspective. New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 19 (1), 83-86. Recuperado de: https://newzealandecology.org/nzje/1968.pdf

WWF. (2020). Living Planet Report 2020 - Bending The Curve of Biodiversity Lost. Recuperado de: https://f.hubspotusercontent20.net/hubfs/4783129/LPR/PDFs/ENGLISH-FULL.pdf

Youatt, R. (2008). “Counting Species: Biopower and the Global Biodiversity Census”. Environmental Values, 17 (3), 393-417. doi: https://doi.org/10.3197/096327108X343149

Publicado

2021-12-20

Edição

Seção

ARTIGOS ECAs

Como Citar

Análise sobre a biologia da conservação do biopoder ao eco nacionalismo em Aotearoa Nova Zelândia. (2021). Revista Latinoamericana De Estudios Críticos Animales, 8(2). https://revistaleca.org/index.php/leca/article/view/47