Além da biopolítica: os estudos animais, as granjas industriais e o advento da vida matável
Palavras-chave:
biopolítica, excepcionalismo humano, vida matável, Foucault, estudos animais.Resumo
Este artigo busca desenvolver duas coisas: articular a função da biopolítica como correlato necessário do excepcionalismo humano e argumentar a favor da granja industrial como um inverso suplementar da lógica biopolítica. O excepcionalismo humano se baseia fundamentalmente no desejo de criar vidas protegidas e vidas que podem ser, ou ainda, precisam ser exterminadas. Em outras palavras, o excepcionalismo humano é a definição mesma da biopolítica. Entretanto, a teoria biopolítica se desenvolveu principalmente em torno da reflexão sobre os genocídios humanos, em particular o nazista. Apesar dos intentos de pensar as analogias entre Auschwitz e a granja industrial, tais analogias ignoram importantes especificidades históricas e teóricas. Ainda que a biopolítica seja uma compreensão teórica importante, inclusive necessária, das relações dos seres humanos com os outros animais, não é suficiente para pensar as realidades das granjas industriais. Necessitamos de um aparato conceitual que não se baseia na capacidade de se pensar apenas os horrores do genocídio humano, mas sim na capacidade de se pensar os horrores da granja industrial. Assim, proponho que os animais das granjas industriais existem na ontologia política da vida matável, ou seja, que eles são seres que deveriam estar vivos, mas que de alguma maneira já estão mortos. Esse aparato conceitual não pretende se opor ao pensamento da biopolítica, mas sim complementá-lo, permitindo-nos pensar com e além da biopolítica.
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