Resignifyng humanism through posthumanism:
a return to nature
Keywords:
posthumanism, secular humanism, existentialism, BuddhismAbstract
Posthumanism raises the need to go beyond anthropocentrism, which includes an ethics derived from humanist doctrines. In this article we will defend that posthumanism makes an inadequate reduction of diverse humanisms to an essentialist, universalist and anthropocentric humanism that reproduces the dynamics of colonialist, gender and speciesist exclusion. Contrary to this, we propose that it is possible to bring forward a humanistic ethics for posthuman conditions, mainly regarding our relationship with non-human forms of life, so that we could understand humanism as an ecosophy. We will defend that there are forms of humanism on which an ethics can be based that regulates the human being in their mutual relationships, but also with other non-human entities, without resulting in a moral or ontological superiority of the human over other beings: secular humanism, existential humanism, and Buddhist humanism.
References
Allen, C., y Bekoff, M. (2007). Animal consciousness. The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness.
Arbea, A. (2002). El concepto de humanitas en el Pro Archia de Cicerón. Onomázein, (7), 393–400.
Ávila Gaitán, I. D. (2019). Los animales ante la muerte del hombre: (tecno) biopoder y performances de la (des) domesticación. Tabula Rasa.
Bacon, F. (Ed.). (2017). Nueva Atlántida. Fondo de Cultura Económica (FCE).
Badmington, N. (2004). Mapping posthumanism: an exchange. Environment and Planning A, 36(8), 1341–1363.
Bernal, J. (1986). La ciencia en la historia. Nueva Imagen / UNAM.
Braidotti, R. (2013). The Posthuman. John Wiley & Sons.
Callicott, J. B. (2008). The New New (Buddhist?) Ecology. Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature & Culture, 2(2).
Chavarría-Alfaro, G. (2015). El posthumanismo y los cambios en la identidad humana. Reflexiones, 94(1), 97–107.
Choza Armenta, J. L. (2009). Historia cultural del humanismo. Thémata: Plaza y Valdés.
Descartes, R. (1987). Discurso del método. La Editorial, UPR.
Descartes, R. (2013). René Descartes: Meditations on First Philosophy: With Selections from the Objections and Replies. Cambridge University Press.
de Waal, F. B. M. (2003). Darwin’s legacy and the study of primate visual communication. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1000, 7–31.
Dupré, J. (2017). The metaphysics of evolution. Interface Focus, 7(5), 20160148.
Fuller, S. (2018). What Can Philosophy Teach Us About the Post-truth Condition. En M. A. Peters, S. Rider, M. Hyvönen, y T. Besley (Eds.), Post-Truth, Fake News: Viral Modernity & Higher Education (pp. 13–26). Singapore: Springer Singapore.
Garfield, J. L. (2014). Engaging Buddhism: Why It Matters to Philosophy. Oxford University Press.
González, J. (2013). ¿Qué es la bioética? En J. González (Ed.), Perspectivas de bioética. Fondo de Cultura Económica (FCE).
Heidegger, M. (2006). Carta sobre el humanismo. Alianza Editorial,Ed.
Jaeger, W. (2009). Paideia: los ideales de la cultura griega. Fondo de Cultura Económica (FCE). México DF.
Lamont, C. (1997). The philosophy of Humanism. (Humanist Press, NY.,Ed.).
Martín Blanco, S. (2012). Reflexiones morales sobre los animales en la filosofía de Martha Nussbaum. Revista de Bioética Y Derecho, (25), 59–72.
Martínez, S. Á. (2014). La idea de Humanitas en M.T.Cicero. Daimon. Revista Internacional de Filosofía, 62(62), 123–138.
Méndez, P. G. (1994). Humanistas mexicanos del siglo XVI. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Nicholson, D. J. (2013). Organisms ≠ machines. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 44(4), 669–678.
Nicholson, D. J. (2014). The machine conception of the organism in development and evolution: a critical analysis. Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 48 Pt B, 162–174.
Nicholson, D. J. (2018). Reconceptualizing the Organism. En J. D. Daniel J. Nicholson y y Dupré, J. (Ed.), Everything Flows (pp. 139–166). Oxford University Press.
Nicholson, D. J., y Dupré, J. (2018). Everything Flows: Towards a Processual Philosophy of Biology. Oxford University Press.
Osborne, R. (2007). Civilización: una historia crítica del mundo occidental. Editorial Crítica.
Preston, S. D., y de Waal, F. B. M. (2002). The communication of emotions and the possibility of empathy in animals. En S. G. Post (Ed.), Altruism & altruistic love: Science, philosophy, & religion in dialogue. (pp (Vol. 500, pp. 284–308). New York, NY, US: Oxford University Press, xvi.
Regan, T. (2004). The Case for Animal Rights. University of California Press.
Rendall, D., y Owren, M. J. (2002). Animal vocal communication: Say what? En M. Bekoff (Ed.), The cognitive animal: Empirical and theoretical perspectives on animal cognition , (pp (Vol. 482, pp. 307–313). Cambridge, MA, US: MIT Press, xxi.
Rico, F. (2014). El sueño del humanismo. De Petrarca a Erasmo. Editorial Crítica.
Roest, B. (2003). Rhetoric of Innovation and Recourse to Tradition in Humanist Pedagogical Discourse. En S. y. B. R. Gersh (Ed.), Medieval and Renaissance Humanism. Brill.
Ryan, P. D. (1998). Buddhism and the natural world: towards a meaningful myth. Windhorse Publications.
Sandel, M. J., Anne T and Robert M Bass y Sandel, J, S. M. (1998). Liberalism and the Limits of Justice. Cambridge University Press.
Sangharakshita. (2001). A survey of Buddhism: its doctrines and methods through the ages. Windhorse Publications.
Sartre, J.-P. (2007). Existentialism is a Humanism. Yale University Press.
Singer, P., et al. (1977). Animal liberation. Towards an end to man’s inhumanity to animals. Granada Publishing Ltd.
Taylor, C. (2001). Sources of the Self. The making of the modern identity. Harvard University Press.
Taylor, P. W. (2011). Respect for Nature: A Theory of Environmental Ethics - 25th Anniversary Edition. Princeton University Press.
Te Aho, L. (2010). Indigenous challenges to enhance freshwater governance and management in Aotearoa New Zealand-the Waikato river settlement. Retrieved from https://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/handle/10289/5705
Vries, R. de, y de Vries, R. (2006). ‘Ethical concepts regarding the genetic engineering of laboratory animals’. Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy.
Williams, J. (2008). The need for metaphysics: on the categories of explanation in process and reality. Theory, Culture & Society, 25(4), 77–90.
Zapata-Clavería, M. (2016). Convertir la Zoé en Bios: Democracia, representación y animales. Acta Sociologica, 71, 101–121.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
La Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Críticos Animales con ISSN 2346-920X se adhiere a las diferentes iniciativas que promueven el acceso libre al conocimiento, por lo que todos los contenidos de la misma son de acceso libre y gratuito y publicados bajo la licencia Creative Commons, que permite su difusión pero impide la alteración de la obra e incluye siempre mención al autor/a y fuente.
Es decir, una licencia de tipo Atribución-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada.
Por ello, los correos electrónicos de los autores se encontrarán a disposición de los lectores, en caso de que deseen contactarlos personalmente.
