El paquidermo Teddy. Adorno, los animales y el materialismo somático

Facundo Martin

Autores

Facundo Martin CONICET - UBA

Palavras-chave:

Adorno, Materialismo, Biologia, Corpo

Resumo

Meu objetivo é interrogar o conceito de “materialismo somático” no pensamento de Th. W. Adorno e colocá-lo em relação com as ciências contemporâneas da vida e da mente. Partirei de uma reconstrução do estatuto ético dos animais na filosofia de Adorno e, com base nisso, desenvolverei uma reflexão sobre o materialismo enquanto teoria autorreflexiva do sujeito. Tentarei pensar a máxima de Adorno sobre a primazia do objeto, no âmbito de um movimento conceitual em direção a um materialismo biologicamente orientado. Delinearei três campos de investigação nas ciências naturais contemporâneas que nos permitem repensar o problema do materialismo neste quadro biológico: o conceito autopoiético de organismo, a neurociência do afeto e o processamento preditivo. Na conclusão, argumentarei que é possível repensar (de forma parcialmente reconstrutiva) a filosofia de Adorno em termos de um naturalismo crítico.

Referências

Adorno, T. W. (1951) Minima Moralia. Reflexionen aus dem beschädigten Leben, Berlín y Frankfurt: Suuhrkamp.

Adorno, T. W. (1970) Gesammelte Schriften Vol. 5. Zur Metakritik der Erkenntnistheorie. Drei Studien zu Hegel, Frankfurt a. M., Suhrkamp Verlag.

Adorno, T. W. (1966) Negative Dialektik, Frankfurt: Suhrkamp.

Adorno, T. W. y Horkheimer, M. (1989 [1944]) Dialektik der Aufklärung. Philosophische Fragmente, Frankfurt: Fischer.

Adorno, T. W. (2000) Problemas de filosofía moral, Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Cassegard, Carl (2021) Toward a Critical Theory of Nature. Capital, Ecology and Dialectics, Londres y Nueva York: Bloomsbury.

Clark, A. (2016) Surfing Uncertainty: Prediction, Action and the Embodied Mind, Nueva York: Oxford University Press.

Claussen, D. (2008) Adorno. One Last Genius, Nueva York: Harvard University Press.

Damasio, A. (2010) Self comes to Mind. Constructing the Conscious Brain, (Nueva York: Pantheon).

Damasio, A. (2021) Feeling and Knowing. Making Minds Cnscious (Nueva York: Pantheon).

Deacon, T. (1997) The Symbolic Species, Nueva York: W.W. Norton & Co.

Deacon, T. (2011) Incomplete Nature. How Mind Emerged from Matter, Nueva York: W. W. Norton & Company.

Di Paolo, E., Thompson, E., & Beer, R. (2022). "Laying down a forking path: Tensions between enaction and the free energy principle" en Philosophy and the Mind Sciences, 3. 1-39 https://doi.org/10.33735/phimisci.2022.9187

Foster, J. B. (2000) Marx's Ecology. Materialism and Nature, Nueva York: Monthly Review Press

Friston, K. (2010) "The free-energy principle: a unified brain theory?" en Nat Rev Neurosci, 11, 127-138. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2787

Gambarotto, A., Mossio, M. (2022) "Enactivism and the Hegelian Stance on Intrinsic Purposiveness" en Phenom Cogn Sci., https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-022-09823-9

Gambarotto, A. y Nahas, A. (2023) "Nature and Agency: Towards a Post-Kantian Naturalism" en Topoi 42 (3):767-780.

Gerhardt, C. (2011) "Thinking with Animals in Schopenhauer, Horkheimer and Adorno" en Sanbonmatsu, J. (ed.) Critical Theory and Animal Liberation, Nueva York: Rowan and Littlefeld.

Gregoratto, F., Ikäheimo, H., Renault, E., Särkela, A. y Testo, I. (2023) Critical Naturalism. A Manifesto, en línea: https://criticalnaturalism.com/

Gunderson, R. (2020) Hothouse Utopia. Dialectics Facing Unsavable Futures, Londres y Nueva York: Zero Books.

Johnston, A. (2013) Prolegomena to Any Future Materialism, Volume One: The Outcome of Contemporary French Philosophy, Evanston, Northwestern University Press.

Johnston, A. (2014) Adventures in Transcendental Materialism, Edimburgo: Edinburgh University Press.

Johnston, A. (2019) Prolegomena to Any Future Materialism, Volume Two: A Weak Nature Alone, Evanston, Northwestern University Press.

Kirchhoff, M. (2018) "Predictive Brains and Embodied, Enactive Cognition". Synthese 195, 2355-2366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-017-1534-5

Malabou, C. (2008) What should We Do with Our Brain , Nueva York, Fordham University Press.

Malabou, C. (2019) Morphing Intelligence. From IQ Measurement to Artificial Brains, Nueva York, Columbia University Press.

Malm, A. (2018) The Progress of this Storm. Nature and Society in a Warming World, Verso.

Mau, S. (2022) Mute Compulsion. A Marxist Theory of the Economic Power of Capital, Londres y Nueva York: Verso.

Maurizi, M. (2021) Beyond Nature: Animal Liberation, Marxism, and Critical Theory, Londres: Brill.

Mendieta, E. (2011) "Animal is to Kantianism as a Jew is to Fascism. Adorno´s Bestiary" en Sanbonmatsu, J. (ed.) Critical Theory and Animal Liberation, Nueva York: Rowan and Littlefeld.

Moreno, A. y Mossio, M. (2015) Biological Autonomy. A Philosophical and Theoretical Enquiry, Londres: Springer.

Müller-Doohm, S. (2005) Adorno: A Biography, Londres: Polity.

Seth, A. (2021) Being Your. A New Neuroscience of Consciuousness, Londres: Dutton.

Sanbonmatsu, J. (2011) "Introduction" en Critical Theory and Animal Liberation, Nueva York: Rowan y Littlefeld.

Solms, M. y Friston, K. (2018) "How and Why Consciusness Arises". Journal of Consciousness Studies, 25 (5-6), 202-238.

Solms, M. (2021) The Hidden Spring. A Journey to the Source of Consciousness, Londres, W. W. Norton & Company.

Varela, F. y Weber, F. J. (2002) "Life after Kant. Natural Purposes and the Autopoietic Foundations of Biological Individuality". Fenomenología y ciencias cognitivas 1, 97-12.

Vetlesen, A. J. (2021) "Comprehending society's 'Other'. Nature in Critical Theory" en Rosa, H., Henning, C. y Bueno, A., Critical Theory and New Materialisms, Londres y Nueva York: Routledge.

Vogel, S. (1996) Against Nature: The Concept of Nature in Critical Theory, Nueva York: State University of New York Press,

Weisberg, Z. (2011) "Animal Repression. Speciesism as Pathology" en Sanbonmatsu, J. (2011), en Critical Theory and Animal Liberation, Nueva York: Rowan y Littlefeld.

Žižek, S. (2019) "Varieties of the Transcendental in Western Marxism". Problemi International, vol. 3, no. 3, 6-25.