Sexo, trabajo, carne:
la política feminista del veganismo
Palabras clave:
veganismo, feminismo, Carol J. Adams, estudios animales, trabajo sexual, Mirha-Soleil RossResumen
Desde la publicación de The Sexual Politics of Meat (La política sexual de la carne), en 1990, la activista y escritora Carol J. Adams (2000 [1990]) ha expuesto una defensa feminista del veganismo, basada en la tesis de que el consumo de carne y la violencia contra los animales están estructuralmente relacionados con la violencia hacia las mujeres y, especialmente, con la pornografía y la prostitución. El trabajo de Adams ha ejercido gran influencia en los crecientes campos de los estudios animales y el posthumanismo en los que su trabajo de investigación es a menudo citado como el principal ejemplo del feminismo vegano. Sin embargo, su particular enfoque feminista radical, incluyendo sus argumentos contra la pornografía y la prostitución, rara vez son reconocidos o examinados. Este artículo refuta las premisas del argumento de Adams, al demostrar que su versión del feminismo vegano se basa en una comparación sin fundamento entre la violencia contra las mujeres y la violencia contra animales no humanos, así como en el silenciamiento y la exclusión de las trabajadoras sexuales en tanto sujetos. En este artículo se critica la lectura limitada de Adams y del feminismo que se ofrece en algunos trabajos clave en estudios animales y en el posthumanismo, a la vez que se reconoce la necesidad de señalar el antropocentrismo evidente en gran parte de la teoría feminista. Mediante el uso de enfoques alternativos con respecto a las políticas sexuales del veganismo, el artículo destaca las intervenciones de la artista y activista Mirha-Soleil Ross y plantea que su compromiso declarado y encarnado con los derechos de los animales trae a escena el tema de las trabajadoras sexuales, al tiempo que resiste comparaciones simples entre diferentes formas de violencia. Las preocupaciones que plantea Ross se suman de manera fundamentada con la investigación reciente sobre los estudios de performatividad y la historia laboral, lo que pone en primer plano la cuestión del trabajo y los trabajadores, animales y humanos. Estos estudios apuntan hacia un enfoque potencialmente más útil que el de Adams para comprender la violencia humana que padecen diversas especies, tales como las destinadas al consumo.
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