Intertwined inequalities:
the animality in the colonial-modern imagination
Keywords:
anthropology of human-animal relations, Covid-19, inequalities, decolonial studiesAbstract
What does anthropology have to say about the catastrophes that terrorize our generation? In this text we propose a reflection on the way in which different representations of animality and humanity participated in the structuring of a world marked by inequalities intertwined from literary, historical and socio-anthropological narratives. The objective is to subsidize reflections on the continuum constituted by the modern-colonial in order to analyze some of its conflicts, particularly those that were based on the projections of characteristics associated with certain animals on certain human groups to characterize and justify their inferiority or their harm. Our reflection is guided by the question: Does animality express only the identity of certain animals different from us or does it also reveal itself as one of the multiple social markers that organize the hegemonic imagery of our time?
References
Almeida, M. (2003). Relativismo Antropológico e Objetividade Etnográfica. Campos - Revista de Antropologia, 3(1), 9-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/cam.v3i0.1585
Appadurai, A. (Ed.). (1988). The social life of things. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Auffray, C. et al. (2000). COVID-19 and Beyond: A Call for Action and Audacious Solidarity to All the Citizens and Nations, It Is Humanity’s Fight. SSRN Electronic Journal. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3630412
Barry, J. (2005). The Great Influenza: The Story of the Deadliest Pandemic in History New York: Penguin Books.
Bennett, J. (2010). Vibrant Matter: A Political Ecology of Things. Durham: Duke University Press.
Bessire, L. y Bond, D. (2014). Ontological anthropology and the deferral of critique. American Ethnologist, 41(3), 440-456. https://doi.org/10.1111/amet.12083
Blanchette, A. (2015). Herding species: biosecurity, posthuman labor, and the American industrial pig. Cultural Anthropology, 30(4), 640–69. https://doi.org/10.14506/ca30.4.09
Callon, M. (1984). Some Elements of a Sociology of Translation: Domestication of the Scallops and the Fishermen of St Brieuc Bay. The Sociological Review, 32(1), 196–233. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.1984.tb00113.x
Camus, A. (1947). La peste. Paris: Les Éditions Gallimard.
Campos, M. D. y Bajgielman, T. (2009). “Weather dependent methods for observing the sky and reckoning time among the Kayapó of Gorotire, Brazil”. En Jankovic, V. y Barboza, C. (eds.) Weather, Local Knowledge and Everyday Life. (Pp. 263-269). Rio de Janeiro: MAST.
Canguilhem, G. (1989). “Presentation”. En Delaporte, F. Histoire de la Fíèvre Jaune. Paris: Payot.
Carniel, F. y Rapchan, E. S. (2018). Usos (sem abuso) do texto etnográfico em sala de aula. Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos, 99(253), 687-699. https://doi.org/10.24109/2176-6681.rbep.99i252.3758
Carrithers, M. et al. (2010). Ontology Is Just Another Word for Culture: Motion Tabled at the 2008 Meeting of the Group for Debates in Anthropological Theory, University of Manchester. Critique of Anthropology, 30(2), 152–200. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308275X09364070
Cassidy, R. y Mullin, M. (Eds.). (2020). Where the Wild Things Are Now: Domestication Reconsidered. New York: Routledge.
Chandrashekhar, V. (2020). The burden of stigma. Science, 369(6510), 1419-1423. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.369.6510.1419
Chittó Gauer, R. M. (2005). Da diferença perigosa ao perigo da igualdade. Reflexões em torno do paradoxo moderno. Civitas - Revista De Ciências Sociais, 5(2), 399-413. https://doi.org/10.15448/1984-7289.2005.2.10
Cole, M., Elliott, R. y Liu, B. (2020). The Impact of the Wuhan Covid-19 Lockdown on Air Pollution and Health: A Machine Learning and Augmented Synthetic Control Approach. Birmingham: University of Birmingham.
Comaroff, J. y Comaroff, J. L. (2002). Alien-Nation: Zombies, immigrants, and millennial capitalism. The South Atlantic Quarterly, 101(4), 779-805. doi: 10.1215/00382876-101-4-779
Corbey, R. (2005). The Metaphysics of Apes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dávalos, L. M. et al. (2020). Pandemics' historical role in creating inequality. Science, 368(6497), 1322-1323. doi: 10.1126/science.abc8953
Descola, P. (2016). Biolatry: A Surrender of Understanding (Response to Ingold’s ‘A Naturalist Abroad in the Museum of Ontology’). Anthropological Forum, 26(3), 321-328. https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2016.1212523
Descola, P. y Pálsson, G. (Eds.). (1996). Nature and Society: Anthropological Perspectives. London: Routledge.
Douglas, M. (1976). Pureza e Perigo, São Paulo: Perspectiva.
Dussel, E. (2005). “Europa, modernidade e eurocentrismo”. En Lander, E. (Ed.). A colonialidade do saber: eurocentrismo e ciências sociais. Perspectivas latino-americanas. (Pp. 24-32). Buenos Aires: Clacso.
Escobar, A. (2005). “O lugar da natureza e a natureza do lugar: globalização ou pós-desenvolvimento?”. En Lander, E. (Ed.). A colonialidade do saber: eurocentrismo e ciências sociais. Perspectivas latino-americanas. (Pp. 69-86). Buenos Aires: Clacso.
Faulhaber, P. (2009). “Anthropology of weather and indigenous cosmology in ritual artifacts”. En Jankovic, V. y Barboza, C. (Eds.). Weather, Local Knowledge and Everyday Life. (Pp. 245–252.). Rio de Janeiro: MAST.
Fernandez de Navarrete, M. (Ed.). (1853). Colección de los viajes y descubrimientos que hicieron por mar los Españoles desde fines del siglo XV y siglo XVI. Madrid, Imprenta real.
Foucault, M. (2008). Segurança, território, população: curso dado no Collège de France (1977-1978). São Paulo: Martins Fontes.
Galvin, S. S. (2018). Interspecies Relations and Agrarian Worlds. Annual Review of Anthropology, 47(1), 233–249. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102317-050232
Graeber, D. (2015). Radical alterity is just another way of saying “reality”: A reply to Eduardo Viveiros de Castro. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 5(2), 1-41. https://doi.org/10.14318/hau5.2.003
Haraway, D. (2016). Manifestly Haraway. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press.
Haraway, D. (2015). Anthropocene, Capitalocene, Plantationocene, Chthulucene: Making Kin. Environmental Humanities, 6(1), 159-165. https://doi.org/10.1215/22011919-3615934
Haraway, D. (1989). Primate Visions: Gender, Race, and Nature in the World of Modern Science. New York/London: Routledge.
Helmreich, S. (2008). Species of biocapital. Science as Culture, 17(4), 463–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/09505430802519256
Holbraad, M. y Pedersen, M. A. (2017). The Ontological Turn. An Anthropological Exposition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Honigsbaum, M. (2014). A History of the Great Influenza Pandemics: Death, Panic and Hysteria, 1830-1920. London and New York: I. B. Tauris.
Ingold, T. (2011). Being Alive. New York: Routledge.
Ingold, T. (1994). “Humanity and animality”. En Ingold, T. (Ed.). Companion encyclopedia of anthropology. (Pp. 14-32). London: Routledge.
Ingold, T. (2016). Rejoinder to Descola’s ‘Biolatry: a surrender of understanding’. Anthropological Forum, 26(3), 329-332. https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2016.1212532
Inston, K. (2019). The Human–Animal Relation in Rousseau's Discourse on Inequality. Paragraph, 42(1), 37-53. https://doi.org/10.3366/para.2019.0287
Janowski, M. y Ingold, T. (Eds.). (2016). Imagining Landscapes: Past, Present and Future. New York: Routledge.
Keck, F. (2010). Un monde grippé. Paris: Flammarion.
Kirksey, S. E. y Helmreich, S. (2010). The emergence of multispecies ethnography. Cultural Anthropology, 25(4), 545-576. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1360.2010.01069.x
Kohn, E. (2013). How forests think. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Kopenawa, D. y Albert, B. (2015). A queda do céu: palavras de um xamã yanomami. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras.
Kupferschmidt, K. y Cohen, J.(2020). Can plasma from COVID-19 survivors help save others?. Science, 367(6482), 1061-1062. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.367.6482.1061
Latour, B. (1984). Les microbes, guerre et paix, suivi de irréductions. Paris: Anne-Marie Metailié.
Latour, B. (1994). Jamais fomos modernos: ensaio de antropologia simétrica. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. 34.
Latour, B. (1999). Pandora’s hope: essays on the reality of science studies. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Latour, B. (2018). Down to Earth: Politics in the New Climatic Regime. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Larsen, P. B. (2011). Environmental Politics and Policy Ambiguities in Environmental Anthropology. En Kopnina, H., y Shoreman-Ouimet, E. (Eds.). Environmental Anthropology Today. (Pp. 75-94). New York: Routledge.
Levi-Strauss, C. (2009). A lição de sabedoria das vacas loucas. Estud. av., 23(67), 211-216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-40142009000300025
Lima, M. L. y Sobral, J. M. (2020). “Threat and Oblivion: Interpreting the Silence Over the Spanish Flu (1918-1919)”. En Jodelet, D. et al. (Eds.). Societies Under Threat: A Pluri-Disciplinary Approach. (Pp. 187-199). Switzerland: Springer Nature.
Lina, B. (2008). “History of Influenza Pandemics”. En Raoult D. y Drancourt M. (Eds.) Paleomicrobiology. (Pp. 199-211). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Low, C. (2009). “Working with potency. The role of weather in KhoeSan healing”. En Jankovic, V. y Barboza, C. (Eds.). Weather, Local Knowledge and Everyday Life. (Pp. 233-242). Rio de Janeiro: MAST.
Löwy, I. (2006). Vírus, mosquitos e modernidade: a febre amarela no Brasil entre ciência e política. Rio de Janeiro: Editora FIOCRUZ.
Macnaghten, P. y Urry, J. (Eds.). (2001). Bodies of Nature. London: Sage Publications.
Maldonado-Torres, N. (2008). “Religion, conquête et race dans la fondation du monde moderne/colonial”. En Mestiri, M., Grosfoguel, R. y Soum, El Y. (Eds.). Islamophobie dans le monde moderne. (Pp. 205-238). Paris: IIIT.
Miller, D. (Ed.). (2005). Materiality. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Mol, A. (2002). The body multiple: ontology in medical practice. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Moran, E. F. (2010). Adaptabilidade Humana: uma introdução à Antropologia Ecológica. São Paulo: Edusp.
Mullin, M. H. (1999). Mirrors and Windows: Sociocultural Studies of Human-Animal Relationships. Annual Review of Anthropology, 28(1), 201-224. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.28.1.201
Neto, M. P. (2019). Pedagogias Animalomórficas: desconstrução, perspectivismo e narrativas multiespécies. Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Críticos Animales, 1(4), 169-187. Recuperado de: http://revistaleca.org/journal/index.php/RLECA/article/view/213/167
Patricia, D. (2004) Mary Shelley's afterlives: Biography and invention. Women: A Cultural Review, 15(2), 230-249. https://doi.org/10.1080/0957404042000234079
Pedersen, H. (2019). Educación en el complejo animal-industria. Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Críticos Animales, 1(4), 131-147. Recuperado: http://revistaleca.org/journal/index.php/RLECA/article/view/211/165
Rapchan, E. S. (2019). Somos todos primatas. E o que a antropologia tem a ver com isso? Curitiba: Ed. Appris.
Rapchan, E. S. (2002). Relativismo epistêmico, relativismo antropológico: reflexões sobre a produção do pensamento no âmbito das contribuições da antropologia. Acta Scientiarum, Human and Social Sciences, 24(1), 261-270. https://doi.org/10.4025/actascihumansoc.v24i0.2448
Rapchan, E. S. y Carniel, F. (2016). NATUREZA OU CULTURA NA FORMAÇÃO ESCOLAR BRASILEIRA. Revista Inter-Legere, 1(18), 76-94. Recuperado de https://periodicos.ufrn.br/interlegere/article/view/10815
Segata, J. (2020). Covid-19: escalas da pandemia e escalas da antropologia. ANPOCS – Boletim cientistas sociais e o coronavírus, 2, 1-3. Recuperado de http://anpocs.org/index.php/publicacoes-sp-2056165036/boletim-cientistas-sociais/2307-boletim-n-1-cientistas-sociais-o-o-coronavirus-2
Spiney, L. (2017). Pale Rider: The Spanish Flu of 1918 and How it Changed the World. Laura Spinney PublicAffairs.
Stengers, I. (2015). No tempo das catástrofes: como resistir à barbárie que se aproxima. São Paulo: Cosac Naify.
Tsing, A. (2004). Friction: An Ethnography of Global Connection. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Tsing, A. (2015). The Mushroom at the End of the World: On the Possibility of Life in Capitalist Ruins. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Tuck, E. y Yang, K. W. (2012). Decolonization is not a metaphor. Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society, 1(1), 1-40. Recuperado de https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/des/article/view/18630
Viveiros de Castro, E. (2002). A Inconstância da Alma Selvagem e Outros Ensaios de Antropologia. São Paulo: Cosac & Naify.
Viveiros de Castro, E. (2015). Who Is Afraid of the Ontological Wolf? The Cambridge Journal of Anthropology, 33(1), 2-17. https://doi.org/10.3167/ca.2015.330102
Young, H. S. et al. (2016). Patterns, causes, and consequences of anthropocene defaunation. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 47(1), 333–58. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-112414-054142
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
La Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Críticos Animales con ISSN 2346-920X se adhiere a las diferentes iniciativas que promueven el acceso libre al conocimiento, por lo que todos los contenidos de la misma son de acceso libre y gratuito y publicados bajo la licencia Creative Commons, que permite su difusión pero impide la alteración de la obra e incluye siempre mención al autor/a y fuente.
Es decir, una licencia de tipo Atribución-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada.
Por ello, los correos electrónicos de los autores se encontrarán a disposición de los lectores, en caso de que deseen contactarlos personalmente.